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The Nanguan Mosque is one of the most prominent Islamic religious buildings in central Xining, and a representative example of the Hui Muslim architectural tradition of northwest China. Located in the city's old southern district, the mosque has served for centuries as a community center for Xining's Hui population, and its design — a synthesis of traditional Islamic forms and Chinese construction techniques — illustrates the unique cultural position of Chinese Islam.

The current structure traces its history back to the 14th century, with multiple reconstructions over the intervening centuries. The architecture combines elements that will be familiar from Middle Eastern mosques — the orientation toward Mecca, the use of Arabic calligraphy, the presence of an ablution hall — with the structural vocabulary of Chinese religious architecture: tiled roofs with upturned eaves, wooden beams painted in red and green, courtyards laid out on a central axis, and decorative screens. The result is one of the most beautiful and distinctive examples of "Sino-Islamic" architecture in northwest China, a region famous for the style.

For visitors, the mosque is generally open outside of prayer times, and non-Muslim travelers are welcome to visit the courtyard and exterior. The interior prayer hall is reserved for worshippers. Visitors should dress modestly (long trousers and covered shoulders for everyone, head covering for women), remove shoes before entering carpeted areas, and avoid photographing people during prayer. The five daily prayers — and particularly the Friday congregational jumu'ah prayer — are the most active times at the mosque, and the best moments to observe it as a living religious institution rather than a heritage site.

The mosque is part of a wider Hui-quarter neighborhood, with halal butchers, bakeries, tea shops, and small restaurants clustered along the surrounding lanes. A walk through the area gives a glimpse of daily life in one of Xining's oldest communities, and the food stalls nearby serve some of the best Hui cuisine in the city — hand-pulled noodles, lamb skewers, fresh flatbreads, and the famous Xining yogurt.

For independent travelers, Nanguan Mosque is a worthwhile short stop on a walking tour of central Xining, often combined with the more famous Dongguan Mosque and the Mojia Street food market. Allow 30 to 60 minutes for the visit itself.